Analysis of Polarizing Microscopic Characteristics and X-ray Diffraction Fingerprint of Mineral Medicine Maifanitum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the polarized light microscopic characteristics， the composition of physical phases and their relative contents of Maifanitum from different origins， and to establish the Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum powder crystals by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. MethodA total of 26 batches of Maifanitum samples were selected， and the microscopic characteristics of the sample powders and grinding flakes were observed by polarized light microscopy under single polarized light and orthogonal polarized light， and the main phase compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by powder crystal XRD technique， and the XRD Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum was established. The incident light source of XRD was Cu target Kβ radiation， the light tube voltage and light tube current were 40 kV and 40 mA， respectively， the divergence slit was 1°， the scattering slit was 1°， the receiving slit was 0.2 mm， the scanning speed was 5°·min-1 with continuous scanning and scanning range of 5-90°（2θ）， and the step length was 0.02°. ResultThe polarized light micrographs of powders and grinding flakes of Maifanitum were obtained， and the main phases were plagioclase， potassium feldspar and quartz， and a few samples also contained illite， pyrite， iron dolomite， calcite， iron amphibole and chlorite， etc. The relative total content of feldspar phases was 61.9%-82.4%， and the relative content of quartz was 12.6%-33.6%. The XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis method of Maifanitum with 13 common peaks as the characteristic fingerprint information was established， and the similarity calculated by the mean correlation coefficient method was 0.920 9-0.997 7， the similarity calculated by the mean angle cosine method was 0.940 5-0.998 4， the similarity calculated by the median correlation coefficient method was 0.921 1-0.997 5， and the similarity calculated by the median angle cosine method was 0.947 5-0.998 2. ConclusionThe polarized light microscopic identification characteristics of Maifanitum are mainly plagioclase， quartz and potassium feldspar， and the technique of powder crystal XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis can be used for the identification of Maifanitum.

Distribution and drug resistance of nontuberculous mycobacteria / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM),and to provide guidance for the selection of targeted agents in clinical treatment. Methods The clinical data of inpatients in our hospital from April 2019 to February 2021 were collected,the culture and strain identification of non tuberculosis mycobacteria were carried out,the drug sensitivity test of anti tuberculosis drugs was carried out,and the drug resistance of non tuberculosis mycobacteria to first-line anti tuberculosis drugs was analyzed. Results A total of 1 326 strains of mycobacterium were isolated,including 1 154(87.03%)strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 172(12.97%)strains of non-mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nine species of nontuberculous mycobacteria were detected,including slow-growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex,belonging to Groups I-III,and fast-growing mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium smegmatis,belonging to Group IV. Among them , Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium chelonae were dominant,accounting for 26.16%and 36.63%,respectively.Drug susceptibility tests showed that the resistance rate of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex to streptomycin was 100.00%,the drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium chelonae to isoniazid,rifampicin and streptomycin was 100.00%,and the drug resistance rate of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium abscessus to most antibacterial drugs was 100.00%.The resistance rate of major NTM bacteria to clarithromycin was relatively low.There was no statistically significant difference in the susceptibility rates of slow and fast-growing mycobacteria to isoniazid and clarithromycin(P>0.05) ; The susceptibility rates of slow-growing mycobacteria to amikacin,clarithromycin and rifambutin were 62.86%,92.86%and 72.86%,all above 50.00%.The susceptibility rate of the fast-growing mycobacteria to clarithromycin was also more than 50.00%,being 87.25%.The susceptibility rate of slow-growing mycobacteria to other antibiotics was higher than that of fast-growing mycobacteria(P<0.05).The drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti tuberculosis drugs was significantly lower than that of non Mycobacterium tuberculosis(P<0.05). Conclusion Non-tuberculous mycobacteria have high drug resistance,especially fast-growing mycobacteria,so drug susceptibility tests are of great value in clinical treatment.

Correlation between the level of serum adiponectin and uric acid and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of serum adiponectin and uric acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) , and to investigate its correlation with diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:Data of 120 hospitalized T2DM patients in our hospital from Jun. 2017 to Jun. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fundus findings, they were divided into no DR group (40 cases) , hyperplastic DR group (45 cases) and non-proliferative DR group (35 cases) . 30 healthy cases in the same period were selected as the control group. The level of aboratory biochemical indexes, serum adiponectin and uric acid were compared between the 4 groups. Risk factors affecting DR were analyzed by Logistic multivariate regression.Results:There was no significant difference in TC among the four groups ( P>0.05) . There were significant differences in TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, and FPG among the four groups ( F=1.638, 0.582, 2.715, 5.382, 5.174, P=0.007, 0.016, 0.028, 0.003, 0.001) . TG, HbA1c, and FPG of DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly higher than those of the control group (no DR group vs the control group: t=2.246, 12.440, 14.539, P=0.028, 0.000, 0.000; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=3.127, 14.775, 14.767, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=3.349,16.197,12.755, P=0.001,0.000,0.000) , and the level of these indexes were rising with the aggravation of the disease. HDL-C of DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly lower than that of the control group (non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=2.113, P=0.040; DR group vs the control group: t=2.778, P=0.007) , and decreased with the aggravation of the disease. There were significant differences in the level of serum adiponectin and uric acid among the four groups ( F=4.728, 26.491, P=0.004, 0.001) . The level of serum adiponectin was significantly lower in no DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group than that in the control group (no DR group vs the control group: t=2.227, P=0.031; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=5.198, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=6.827, P=0.000) , and decreased with the aggravation of the disease. The level of serum uric acid in the DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (No DR group vs the control group: t=5.681, P=0.000; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=13.688, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=23.620, P=0.000) , and increased with the aggravation of the disease. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes, HbA1c, adiponectin and uric acid were independent risk factors affecting DR. Conclusions:The level of serum adiponectin decreases in DR patients, and the level of serum uric acid increases in DR patients, which relates to DR progress. Adiponectin and uric acid are risk factors affecting DR.

Increased Circulating CXCL10 in Non-Segmental Vitiligo Concomitant with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Alopecia Areata

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentary disease caused by destruction of epidermal melanocytes in underlying autoimmune response. Few studies have been focused on the role of chemokines in non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) concomitant with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and alopecia areata (AA). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the best serum biomarker for predictive role in the progression of vitiligo and to evaluate the influence of AA and/or AITD on vitiligo by using the biomarker. METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited 45 NSV patients: 14 without either AITD or AA, 12 with AITD, 11 with AA, and 8 with both AITD and AA. Serum levels of CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CXCL16 were analyzed by ELISA. CXCR3 mRNA expression was detected on PBMCs by RT-PCR. Improvement was evaluated using repigmentation scales. RESULTS: Serum CXCL10 levels, along with the expression of CXCR3 mRNA were higher in NSV patients with AITD or AA alone than in those without AITD or AA. Moreover, serum CXCL10 levels, along with the expression of CXCR3 mRNA were higher in NSV patients with both AITD and AA than in those with AITD or AA alone. Poorer repigmentation was observed in NSV patients with both AA and AITD than in those with AA or AITD alone. CONCLUSION: CXCL10 could be a biomarker to predict the progression of NSV. Dermatologists should pay much attention to those NSV patients concomitant with AITD and/or AA, for comorbidity might lead to more active autoimmune reaction.

Study on the relationship between traditional bullying, cyberbullying and depression in adolescents / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between traditional bullying, cyberbullying and depression in adolescents, with the involvement frequency and different roles considered.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 5 726 middle school students in three cities of Anhui province in December 2013. Those students were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire of adolescent health-related behaviors in Anhui province. Self-reports on the general demographic information, physical, verbal, relational bullying and cyberbullying involvement and depression were collected. Additionally, the items assessing depression were based on Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The chi-square test used to compare prevalent rates of bullying involvement and depression in different groups of students with different demographic features. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to explore the relationships between all four types of bullying and depression, after controlling confounders.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We got a final effective sample of 5 726 student. The response rate was 99.4% in this study. Among 5 726 adolescents, the prevalence rates of bullying in the last two months were 23.4% (1 339/5 726) physically, 55.0% (3 147/5 726) verbally, 34.2% (1 958/5 726) socially, and 8.9% (512/5 726) electronically. The prevalence rate of depression was 64.8% (3 711/5 726). The detection rate was higher in participants who involved in physical, verbal, relational, and cyber bullying than those who not involved in bullying. After controlling the confounding factors, the different frequency and role of verbal and relational bullying were risk factors of depression (OR = 1.42-3.71, all P values < 0.001). As for physical bullying, except for occasional bully-victims (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.79-1.49), others were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students. (OR = 1.40-7.84, all P values < 0.001). Frequent involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students (OR = 2.30-4.55, all P values < 0.001), but occasional involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were not the risk factors of adolescents' depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI:0.97-1.99; OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.88-2.82; OR = 1.50, 95% CI:0.82-2.74).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Involvement in physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying were risk factors for depression among adolescent students.</p>

Discussion on the Isomorphism of TCM Syndrome and Biological Entropy / 中国中医药信息杂志

Syndrome, a very important concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the essence and characteristics of TCM theory. Progress of related studies on syndrome will drive the development of TCM. Therefore, clinical and basic researches on syndrome have focused on the hotspot of TCM. In recent 60 years, many scholars have discussed the concept, essence and the establishment of standardization of syndrome from different angles and layers. Although many results have been obtained, there is still a certain one sidedness and dispute. Therefore, looking for a new theoretical tool to reveal the scientific connotation of TCM syndrome is imperative. TCM syndrome and biological entropy belong to two different subject concepts, but can also reveal the physiological and pathological state in the changes of life body growth. This article discussed isomorphism of TCM syndrome and biological entropy from the concept, theoretical background and characteristics, with a purpose to provide certain guiding significance to study and promote standardized researches on TCM syndrome.

Roles of carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecules in lung cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.Related studies show that CEACAMs play critical roles in the occurrence and development,and are closely related to the prognosis of lung cancer.Recently,it has made some progresses in the studies by using monoclonal antibodies,single domain antibodies,RNA interference,gene knockout and other technical means targeting different epitopes of CEACAMs in lung cancer,suggesting CEACAMs may become new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of lung cancer.